A decongestant is a type of medication used to treat nasal and ocular congestion caused by illnesses such as the common cold, sinusitis, hay fever, allergies, or rhinitis. Decongestants reduce swelling and mucus production by constricting blood vessels in the nose, throat, and sinuses. Decongestants can be administered orally as a tablet, capsule, or syrup, or topically as a nasal spray, drop, or eye drop. Here's a quick rundown of decongestant uses, dosages, and side effects.
Uses
Decongestants are mostly used to treat nasal and ocular congestion symptoms such as:
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Sinus pressure or discomfort
- Eyes that are itchy or watery
- Sneezing
Although a decongestant can aid with breathing and comfort, it does not treat the underlying cause of congestion. Decongestants are typically taken for a limited duration, such as a few days or a week, until the congestion clears.
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Doses
The dose of a decongestant is determined by the kind, potency, and formulation of the medication, as well as the user's age and weight. It is critical to carefully follow the advice on the label or prescription, and not to exceed the specified dose or duration of usage. In general, the doses of various common decongestants are as follows:
Pseudoephedrine: Adults and children 12 years and older: 60 mg every 4 to 6 hours; children 6 to 12 years: 30 mg every 4 to 6 hours; children 4 to 6 years: 15 mg every 4 to 6 hours; children under 4 years: not recommended.
Phenylephrine: 10 mg every 4 hours for adults and children over the age of 12; 5 mg every 4 hours for children aged 6 to 12; 2.5 mg every 4 hours for children aged 4 to 6; not advised for children under the age of 4 years.2 Oxymetazoline: One or two sprays in each nostril every 10 to 12 hours for adults and children aged 6 and up; one spray in each nostril every 10 to 12 hours for children aged 2 to 6 years; not advised for children under 2 years.
For adults and children 12 years and older, one or two sprays in each nostril every 8 to 10 hours; one spray in each nostril every 8 to 10 hours for children 6 to 12 years; one spray in each nostril every 8 to 10 hours for children 2 to 6 years; not recommended for children under 2 years.
Adults and children over the age of 12 should use one or two drops in each eye up to four times per day; children under the age of 12 should not use it.
Side Effects
Decongestants can have some negative effects, especially if used for an extended period of time or in high doses. The following are some of the most common negative effects:
- Nose, throat, or eye dryness or irritation
- Headache
- Nervousness
- Insomnia
- Blood pressure has risen.
- accelerated heart rate
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Appetite loss
Some of the more serious adverse effects include:
- Allergic symptoms include a rash, hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Seizure
- Chest ache
- Heartbeat irregularity
- Vision issues
- Urination difficulties
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Other medications, such as antidepressants, blood pressure medications, or MAO inhibitors, may also interact with decongestant. As a result, before using a decongestant, check a doctor or a pharmacist, especially if you have any medical issues or allergies, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. People with high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disorders, glaucoma, or prostate problems should use decongestant with caution.
Decongestants can help relieve nose and eye congestion, but they should only be used as indicated and for a short period of time. If the congestion increases or persists, or if you encounter any serious adverse effects, discontinue use of the decongestant and seek medical treatment.
